All roads lead to dignity or dishonor. Disgrace is what makes people ruin the world around them
Essay-reasoning in the direction: Honor and dishonor
Confucius said: “People want wealth and fame for themselves; if both cannot be obtained honestly, they should be avoided.” And what did he mean by these words? He probably meant to say that wealth and fame have no meaning if they were acquired through dishonor and lies.
And what is honor? How do we understand this word? Honor is a concept associated with such qualities as loyalty and justice, truthfulness and nobility. This is the criterion of a real person, distinguished by the stamina of nature, willpower and purity of his thoughts. It is difficult to force such a person to follow the path of lies and betrayal, deceit and evil. He will not stand against honor and truth. Wealth and fame are not the most important things in life. And you should think before you do anything.
The problem of honor and dignity worried many writers, in particular Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. In his work "The Captain's Daughter", the writer vividly showed a hero who possessed the qualities due to which he could be called a man of honor. Pyotr Grinev's father said: "Take care of your honor from a young age." He does not want his son to become a simple reveler, and therefore sends him to the service, where young Peter meets people who are devoted to their homeland and uniform, with those who will never allow themselves and their friends to be dishonored. And this meeting played an important role in Grinev's life. He passes the test with dignity and honor, without losing his honor, although there were many opportunities. I think that this hero can be called a worthy person.
Unfortunately, there are many heroes in the world of literature whose nobility has lost its meaning. Aleksey Shvabrin is an example of a vile person who dishonored his honor. The reason for this was the fear of the enemy, in whose person Pugachev was. He fears for his own life. He does not know a sense of duty and dignity, for the sake of personal gain he is ready for anything, which is why he humiliates himself in front of Pugachev, trying to please the enemy. Long ago, back in the fortress, he crossed the boundaries defined by honor, wrote a letter - a denunciation to Grinev's father, trying to destroy the love that had just begun between Peter and Masha. It is terrible to meet in life with a man like Shvabrin - insidious, cruel and unprincipled. I think that Shvabrin was so afraid of losing his priceless life that he could not understand that he was actually a dead person.
For me, honor and dignity are not empty words. It's too early to say that I live by honor. But I hope that these concepts will always serve as a life guide for me.
Time is an amazing thing. Everything happens over time - the world changes, people's attitudes to something change. If a few decades ago the concept of "good" and "bad", "good" and "evil" were the same, today they are completely different.
The theme of honor and dishonor excites the minds of writers and poets from ancient times to the present day. Let's try to figure out whether the true meaning of this concept has been preserved today, or whether it has changed significantly.
old times
But before trying to assess the current situation, it is necessary to clearly define what is meant by the concept of honor and dishonor. It is important to note that time constantly left significant imprints on these concepts.
For example, in the time of the Silver Age poets, for insulting honor, whether it was an unflattering review of a person or, even more so, a lover, they were challenged to a duel, which often led to the death of one of the duelists.
The concept of "honest name" has long been considered one of the most important, and it was defended by any means. The problem of dishonor (or dishonor) was decided by duels.
Not so long ago, in the middle of the last century, honor was the highest value - they fought for it, fought and defended it, and most importantly, they tried not to lose it.
and dishonor?
Honor is the totality of what makes a person a Man with a capital letter. actions for which you are not ashamed not only in front of yourself, but also in front of other people.
Disgrace is the opposite concept. It personifies the lowest human qualities - selfishness, shamelessness, cynicism. A dishonorable person was despised at any time, shamed and called to change for the better.
Current situation
What is happening today? I must say that the concept itself has significantly lost its importance. Due to time and the constant race for a better life, many people began to have a different attitude towards honor. More and more people are ready to step over their dignity in order to achieve any goals. Disgrace is a lie, slander, unscrupulousness. And more and more often humanity is turning to these concepts in order to get some kind of benefit.
But the worst thing is that children are brought up in such a society. That is our future, from which society will develop in the future. And if adults do terrible things, most often consciously, then small children already see this world in which dishonor is a way to survive.
Who is guilty?
But who or what caused such a sharp change in principles? After all, just 3-4 decades ago, society lived with other attitudes.
Can only the people themselves be blamed for this? Can. But do not forget that a person lives in a society, and often it is it that influences each person individually.
Modern society and the global situation forces people to commit dishonorable acts. And sometimes a person struggles with this, resists coercion. But not everyone is able to overcome it. The growth of crime, corruption, terrorism - in all this lies dishonor, prompted by the situation in society.
Today, every person is forced to fight for his life in the truest sense of the word - to have prosperity, to live comfortably, to be able to create a family and raise children. Sometimes it is this struggle that forces a person to act dishonorably.
However, it is impossible to justify everyone and everyone by this. While some struggle to survive, others take advantage of the situation to act dishonorably.
Is everything so bad?
But still, you can’t just complain about the world around you and look at it through black glasses. In fact, everything is not as bad as it might seem at first glance.
Despite the unfavorable situation in the world, in our time, many people are struggling with this problem. Dishonesty is not an incurable disease of society. More and more young guys and girls are beginning to realize the lost value. Volunteer movements, relief funds and many other organizations are being created to help people. And disinterested help is an important step towards moral honor, which is inherent in every person.
But in order to improve the situation in society, it is enough to start small. Many believe that one person cannot change anything. There is some truth in this. But united, people can change everything. It is enough just to start with yourself.
Remember, how long ago did you commit an act that made you a little better? After all, having done one good deed, you are already embarking on the path of the birth of honor in society.
Take care of your honor. Remember, no matter how hard it is in life, there are immortal moral values - love, kindness, mutual assistance, responsibility. And it is they who, in the end, will help you feel like the happiest person for whom honor is one of the most important values. Let the question remain important for everyone, what is honor and dishonor. The essay written above only gives impetus to the awareness of these concepts.
The direction of the final essay " Honor and dishonor"
Literature presentation
teachers of Russian language and literature
Repina Ekaterina Kirillovna
What are the arguments
1 . Reasoning - proof:
thesis-arguments, evidence-conclusion.
2. Reasoning-explanation:
What it is? For example, "What is honor?"
3. Reasoning-thinking:
How to be? What to do? Why is this happening?
Work on an essay
- 1. Learning to write introduction on this topic.
- 2. We work with the main part of the essay, reveal the topic :
- compose first thesis
- .compose second thesis and select literary arguments.
- 3. We write conclusion on the topic of the essay.
- 4. We check the draft of the essay 3 times (spelling, punctuation, style). Editing the text essays.
- 5 Carefully, clearly and legibly rewrite the essay on the answer sheet with a gel pen.
Learning to write abstracts for an essay
How to compose theses to reveal the theme of the essay?
1. Ask a question on the topic of the essay.
2. Give an answer to this question.
3. This answer will be the thesis for the main part of the essay.
4. Prove the thesis using literary arguments. Wherein
the text does not need to be rewritten. You need to write your own
reflections and reasoning, using arguments from books.
The final essay "Honor and dishonor." A basic level of.
1. Introduction.
Honor ... What is it?
Honor - the moral qualities of a person, his principles, worthy
respect and pride, this is a high spiritual power that is capable of
keep a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice.
For most of us, the state of lost honor (disgrace) is
severe pain in the soul, since it is precisely such a state that violates our
spiritual connection with other people, with society. Without honor there is no
real life person.
Main body of essay
Classics of world fiction, including Russian,
created many works that tell about such heroes who
different attitudes towards the concept of honor and dignity.
So, in the novel by A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" the most serious attention is paid to the problem of honor. The author shows two Russian
officers - Grinev and Shvabrin. Pyotr Andreevich Grinev - a man of honor and
debt, but Shvabrin cannot be called such. Why is this happening?
Life often tests people, puts them before a choice. How to be that
do in specific situations? To act according to honor and conscience or
come to dishonor?
Main body of essay
In the parental home, Peter received a healthy start in life, his moral
qualities and life principles are worthy of respect. Father, accompanying
Peter to the service, gave him an order to serve honestly and remember that
honor is the most important thing for a person. The young officer remembers his father's
the commandment "Take care of honor from a young age." Grinev is characterized by nobility and fidelity.
Honor and duty for a Russian officer are the meaning of life. He
refused to serve Pugachev, explained this by the fact that he took an oath to serve
sovereign empress. Pyotr Andreevich behaves boldly, honestly, behaves
worthy.
Pugachev praised Grinev as a man of honor.
And we see that the path of honor is very difficult, but the right one in life.
We reveal the topic of the essay. Argument one.
And Shvabrin? He is also a Russian officer. But what? At Shvabrin
there is no sense of duty and human dignity. Violating
military oath, went over to the side of Pugachev, crawled at the feet
from the impostor, begged for forgiveness. He betrayed his homeland
colleague Grinev, brought so much suffering to Masha Mironova, who rejected his love.
And this is the real dishonor.
Rereading the pages of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", we begin to clearly understand that "honor with a uniform is not issued. Honour-
it is a moral stuffing" that dishonor leads to the collapse of human
personality.
The second argument in the essay
In the novel "Dubrovsky" A. S. Pushkin shows two landowners, old
friends - Kiril Petrovich Troekurov and Andrey Gavrilovich Dubrovsky.
What does honor mean to each of them? For a long time the only person
to whom Troekurov treated with reverence and respect was his neighbor
from Kistenevka-Dubrovsky. Old friends quarreled, both landowners had
quick-tempered, both proud.
Troekurov maintained this state in himself with the consciousness of wealth and power.
And Dubrovsky - awareness of the antiquity of his kind and noble honor.
An incident in the kennel shows Dubrovsky as a proud man who
has a sense of self-worth. Troekurov with his
the actions taken drove the former friend to insanity and
of death. Such actions destroy the personality.
Main body of essay
Rereading the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky", we think about
the fact that honor is the main core of a person, his moral backbone,
when conscience becomes the judge of human deeds and actions,
which is also our best controller
About the conclusion to the essay
In conclusion, it is necessary to draw a conclusion on the written reasoning.
It should overlap with the introduction.
Such a composition of the composition is called ring.
This version of the composition (construction of the work) is considered one of the best.
Conclusion on the topic of the essay
So, discussing the problem of honor and dishonor, recalling the pages of two
novels by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, I come to the conclusion that
the concept of honor will never become obsolete, since it is honor that helps a person
to live, to be on top, helps to make the right moral choice,
make a spiritual connection with people, with society. And this
a lot in human life. And I really hope that in
our time among my contemporaries there will be as many people as possible for whom the concept of honor will never lose its
high importance.
Evaluation of the essay according to five criteria
Criterion № 1 .Relevant to the theme.
Criterion #2.Argumentation. Attraction of literary material.
Criterion number 3. Composition (construction of an essay) and logic of reasoning.
Criterion number 4. The quality of writing .
Criterion #5.Literacy.
Grade-pass-fail
Used sources
1.A. S. Pushkin. "Captain's daughter".
2.A. S. Pushkin. "Dubrovsky".
3. Final essay in the final class. Training. Writing. Editing. Compiled by G. V. Tsvetkova. "Teacher". Volgograd.
4.O.I. Shcherbakov. Types of essays on literature. Grade 10-11. "Enlightenment: 2015".
5. Elena Starodubtseva. "Captain's daughter" in literature class (I'm going to a literature class).
Are the concepts of honor and dishonor relevant today? That is the question I have to answer today. Of course, everyone has their own opinion on this matter.
The concept of honor, in my opinion, is no longer relevant for today's youth. Most don't even know what it means.
And we see dishonor all the time, finding an absurd justification for this.
In my opinion, honor is a sense of self-worth, moral principles that a person is ready to defend in any situation, even at the cost of his own life, which currently does not exist, which modern society has completely forgotten about.
I will try to prove this by the example of Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man". Andrei Sokolov, the main character, was captured. For carelessly spoken words, they were going to shoot him. He could beg for mercy, humiliate himself before his enemies. Perhaps a weak-minded person would have done just that. But the hero was ready to defend the honor of a soldier in the face of death. On the offer of commandant Müller to drink for the victory of German weapons, he refuses. Sokolov behaved confidently and calmly, refused snacks, despite the fact that he was hungry. He explained his behavior in this way: "I wanted to show them, damned, that although I'm dying of hunger, I'm not going to choke on their sop, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride, and that they didn't turn me into a beast, no matter how hard you try." Sokolov's act aroused respect for him even from the enemy. The German commandant recognized the moral victory of the Soviet soldier and saved his life. Thus, the author wants to convey to us, to the readers, the idea that even in the face of death, honor and dignity must be preserved.
The concept of dishonor for me means - cowardice, weakness of character, not allowing to fight for ideals, forcing to commit vile deeds. This concept is revealed mainly in a situation of moral choice.
In the story of Vasil Vladimirovich Bykov "Sotnikov" partisan Rybak is shown, who was captured by the police. Fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, he only thinks about saving his life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended, not indignant, but on the contrary, he "felt acutely and joyfully - he would live - this is the main thing. Everything else - then." He does not want to become a traitor: "he was not at all going to give them partisan secrets, much less join the police, although he understood that it would not be easy to evade her, apparently." The fisherman hopes that "he will get out and then he will certainly pay off these bastards ...". An inner voice tells him that he has embarked on the path of dishonor. And then he tries to find a compromise with his conscience: "he went to this game to win his life - is this not enough for the most, even desperate game? And there it will be visible, if only they would not be killed, tortured during interrogations. If only break out of this cage, and he will not allow himself anything bad. Is he an enemy of his own? Faced with a choice, he is not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor. The author shows us the successive stages of the fall of Rybak. Here he agrees to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continues to convince himself that "there is no great fault for him." In his opinion, "he had more opportunities and cheated in order to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, he was not going to become a German servant. He was waiting to seize a convenient moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they they will see him..." But he takes part in the execution of Sotnikov, and even this terrible act Rybak finds an excuse: "What does he have to do with it? Is it him? He just pulled out this stump. And then by order of the police." And only, walking in the ranks of policemen, Rybak realizes that there is no way to escape from this ranks. Vasil Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor, which
Honor and dishonor ... Probably, many thought about what these words mean. Honor is self-esteem, moral principles that a person is ready to defend in any situation, even at the cost of his own life. At the heart of dishonor is cowardice, weakness of character, which does not allow one to fight for ideals, forcing one to commit vile deeds. Both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.
Many writers have addressed the theme of honor and dishonor. So, in the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov" it is said about two partisans who were taken prisoner. One of them, Sotnikov, courageously endures torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed in the morning, he prepares to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the thoughts of the hero: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his position, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went to reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is a commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest are not here." It is indicative that before death a partisan thinks not about himself, but about the salvation of others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero courageously meets death, not for a minute does the thought come to him to beg the enemy for mercy, to become a traitor. The author wants to convey to us the idea that honor and dignity are above the fear of death.
Comrade Sotnikova, Rybak, behaves quite differently. The fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, he only thinks about saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended, not indignant, on the contrary, he “felt acutely and joyfully - he would live! There was an opportunity to live - this is the main thing. Everything else - later. Of course, he does not want to become a traitor: “He did not at all intend to give them partisan secrets, much less join the police, although he understood that it would not be easy to evade her.” He hopes that "he will get out and then he will certainly pay off these bastards ...". An inner voice tells Rybak that he has embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tries to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - is this not enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, if only they would not be killed, tortured during interrogations. If only to break out of this cage, and he will not allow himself anything bad. Is he his enemy? Faced with a choice, he is not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.
The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. Here he agrees to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continues to convince himself that "there is no great fault for him." In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated in order to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, he was not going to become a German servant. He kept waiting to seize a convenient moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they will see him ... "
And now Rybak takes part in the execution of Sotnikov. Bykov emphasizes that even Rybak is trying to find an excuse for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is it him? He just pulled out this stump. And then by order of the police. And only walking in the ranks of policemen, Rybak finally understands: "There was no longer any way to escape from this ranks." V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor that Rybak chose is a path to nowhere.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that we, faced with a difficult choice, will not forget about the highest values: honor, duty, courage.
